摘要： ??1. Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the _____ while the latter does not.（北二外2017研）
A. meaning...
??1. Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the _____ while the latter does not.（北二外2017研）
A. meaning
B. word class
C. form
D. speech sound
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】morpheme语素，分为自由语素和黏着语素，其中黏着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型，词缀分为派生词缀（derivational affixes）和屈折词缀（inflectional affixes）。派生词缀黏附在词根语素上构成新词，也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。屈折词缀只能改变一个词的形式，不能构成新词。也即屈折词缀增加的是表示句法范畴的意义，并且总是不改变词的类别归属。即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别，故B为正确答案。
2. Which of the following are homographs?（对外经贸2015研）
A. lead, lead
B. rest, wrest
C. lie, lie
D. beat, bit
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】homographs同形异义词，指在语法形式上拼写和发音完全相同，而意义不同的词。lie“躺着”，还有“说谎”的意思，所以C选项中两个词是同形异义词。
3. _____ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience.（西安交大2008研）
A. Reference
B. Concept
C. Semantics
D. Sense
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】指称指拥有某些属性的具体实体，它处理的是语言元素与非语言世界的关系。
4. There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and
inclusiveness relation. They are represented by ______ respectively.（大连外国语学院2008研）
A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy
B. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy
C. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy
【解析】有三种涵义关系，分别为同义关系，反义关系和上下义关系。
5. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view, of child language acquisition?（北二外2015研）
A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.
B. Language acquisition is the
species-specific property of human beings.
C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.
D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.
【解析】本题考查儿童语言习得的行为主义观点。行为主义观点认为语言习得是通过刺激-强化所形成习惯的过程。选项C是天赋假说的观点。
6. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE sentence.（南京大学2007研）
A. resolution
B. resident
C. restart
D. resignation
【解析】/s/在restart中位于清辅音前，所以被轻音化。
7. Bird and cuckoo have the sense relation of hyponymy. Which of the following pairs of words has the same sense relation?（对外经贸2005研）
A. Vowel and consonant
B. Mouth and tongue
C. Lexicon and word
D. Number and gender
【解析】布谷鸟是鸟的下义词，舌是口腔的下义词。
8. _____ refers to the obstruction of the air stream caused by the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge, such as in the production of [t].（北二外2017研）
A. Stop
B. Dental
C. Alveolar
D. Glide
【解析】考查辅音的分类。根据发音部位，主要分为双唇音（bilabials），唇齿音（labiodental），齿音（dental），齿龈音（alveolar），硬腭音（palatal），软腭音（velar），声门音（glottal）；而按照发音方式，可分为爆破音（stops），磨擦音（fricatives），破擦音（affricates），鼻音（nasals），流音（liquids），滑音（glides）。由题意，舌端和齿龈形成阻碍成音，即为齿龈音，常见辅音有[t] [d] [s] [z] [ts] [dz] [n] [l]，故C正确。
A. roots
B. prefixes
C. suffixes
D. words
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】粘着语素指不能单独出现，必须跟至少一个其他语素共同出现的语素。词根，词缀都可能是粘着词素。
10. The words that contain only one morpheme are called _____.（北二外2015研）
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