摘要： 2021考研初试12月26~27日举行，2021考研初试环境(点击检察》》2021考研初试真题及谜底解析专题)，第一时候为考生供给考研真题谜底及谜底解析内容，同时考研考研西席将为考生供给...
2021考研初试12月26~27日举行，2021考研初试环境(点击检察》》2021考研初试真题及谜底解析专题)，第一时候为考生供给考研真题谜底及谜底解析内容，同时考研考研西席将为考生供给视频直播解析。直播进口|考研真题谜底专区
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As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makesus re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographsthat show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the imageof 19th-century prudery?). I’ve found quite a few, and — since I started postingthem on Twitter — they have been causing quite a stir. People have beensurprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh.They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as thehundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our co妹妹on experience oflaughter.
Of course, I need to concede that my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographicportraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sittersposing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absentlyinto the middle distance. How do we explain this trend?
During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposuretimes were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing animage on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete,resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs.The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical dutieswas too much to contemplate, and so a non-co妹妹ittal blank stare became thenorm.
But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction ofthe Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’sdigital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smileswere relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for anexplanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.
One explanation might be the
loss of dignity displayed through a cheesygrin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victoriansaying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouthswere often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean,regular ‘pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve ofthe super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).
A toothy
grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lackedclass: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers might gurn and grin with asmile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not abecoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed ahearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be“nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.
31. According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter
A. changed people’s impression of the Victorians.
B. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies.
C. re-evaluated the Victorians’ notion of public image.
D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography.
32. What does author say about the Victorian portraits he hascollected?
A. They are in popular use among historians.
B. They are rare among photographs of that age.
C. They mirror 19th-century social conventions.
D. They show effects of different exposure times.
33. What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the1890s?
A. Their inherent social sensitiveness.
B. Their tension before the camera.
C. Their distrust of new inventions.
D. Their unhealthy dental condition.
34. Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictureswas
A. a deep-root belief.
B. a misguided attitude.
C. a controversial view.
D. a thought-provoking idea.
35. Which of the following questions does the text answer?
A. Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?
B. Why did the Victorians start to view photographs?
C. What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?
D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?
【准确谜底】A B D A A
【解析】
31. 准确谜底 【A】
考查题型：细节题
解题思绪：按照题干Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter定位到第一段双破折号中心，是以谜底锁定在“they have been causing quite a stir”他们引发了至关大的颤动，而且第句接着阐明人们诧异地发明，有证据表白，维多利亚期间的人喜好笑，可以或许笑，也确切笑过。以是选A。
滋扰选项阐发：B文中特别第一段并未提到social media，以是B无中生有解除;C re-evaluated呈现在第一句，以是C区域庞杂解除;Dphotography呈现在第一句，而且关于拍照的成长是在文章后面三四段部门提到，以是D区域庞杂解除。
32. 准确谜底【B】
考查题型：细节题
解题思绪：按照题干the Victorian portraits he hascollected定位到第二段，题干问作者的概念，以是concede对付题干say, 由 “I need to concede that mycollection of ‘Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vastcatalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900”可知，我必需认可，我采集的微笑的维多利亚期间，在建立自1840年至1900年之间的巨大的拍照肖像画目次中，只占很小比例，以是选B。
滋扰选项阐发：A in popular很风行与文中占很小比例相反，以是A反向滋扰解除;C socialconventions社会风俗，这个面太广了，包括了方方面面，而文中只是拍照范畴的一些细节，以是C范畴庞杂解除;D exposuretimes呈现在第三段，以是D区域庞杂解除。
33. 准确选项 【D】
考查题型：细节题
解题思绪：按照题干in the 1890s，kept the Victorians fromsmiling定位到第四段最后一行，题干扣问缘由，以是谜底锁定在第五段，第五段重点信息是最后括号内容(and even then, dental hygienewas not guaranteed) 即便在阿谁时辰，牙齿卫生也没有获得包管，以是选D。
滋扰选项阐发：ABC均不是第五段诠释的重要内容，以是解除。
34. 准确选项【A】
考查题型：例证题
解题思绪：按照大写名词定位到第六段，例子是来证实概念的，以是谜底锁定在but后内容，“…but it was not a becoming lookfor properly bred persons”但这不是教化杰出的人合适的脸色，若是论点读不懂可以读一下例子，即便是喜好畅怀大笑的马克·吐温也说过，在拍照中，“没有甚么比一个永久固定的愚笨的微笑更可恶的了”，以是都同意在摄影中不笑。以是选A。
滋扰选项阐发：B被误导的立场和C有争议的概念和原辞意思恰好相反，以是BC反向滋扰解除;D发人深醒的概念与A根深蒂固的信心比拟，A更客观更合适文章寄义，由于摄影不笑只是大师遵照的信心，而不是颇有哲理的话，以是D解除。
35. 准确选项 【A】
考查题型：大旨题
解题思绪：第一段表白经由过程照片，维多利亚期间的人是微笑的，冲破了固有的不笑的观念;第二和第三段继续阐述1980s的照片显示人们摄影严厉不笑的话题;第四段迁移转变提出为甚么维多利亚期间的人摄影不笑的缘由;第五段诠释，重要缘由是牙齿卫生没有包管;第六段进一步举马克·吐温的例子来证实牙齿缘由摄影不笑的概念。以是选A。
滋扰选项阐发：B彻底不合适文章大旨寄义，不是维多利亚人起头察看照片而是现代人们在钻研维多利亚时代人们的照片，以是A工具庞杂解除;C拍照的成长只在三四段呈现过，以是B以偏概全解除;D若何酿成法则，文章会商的是原因此不是方法，解除。
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